Teste de fadiga de preensão manual usando contrações dinâmicas em crianças típicas / Handgrip fatigue test using dynamic contractions in typical children

Objective: To verify the development of fatigue and sex-influence on the handgrip during dynamic contractions in typical children. Methods: Cross-section study. Fifty-eight children, distributed into two groups according to sex (30 boys), aged 8 to 12 years, of both sexes, performed successive dynamic contractions with a bulb dynamometer until they reached maximum perceived effort. The values from the first, the last contractions of the fatigue test, and the measure after 30-s of the last contraction (recovery contraction) were recorded and compared using the linear regression model with mixed effects. T-Student test was used to compare the perceived effort scores and time-to-fatigue between groups. Results: The handgrip values significantly decreased, and perceived effort scores significantly increased in the final measure in relation to the initial measure of the fatigue test. After the fatigue handgrip test, 30-sec of recovery was insufficient to restore the baseline handgrip values. There were no differences between the female and male groups for all variables. Conclusion: The handgrip fatigue test using dynamic contractions showed it efficiently induces motor and perceived fatigue in children, without differences between sexes.

Objetivo: Verificar o desenvolvimento da fadiga e a influência do sexo na preensão manual durante contrações dinâmicas em crianças típicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Cinquenta e oito crianças, distribuídas em dois grupos de acordo com o sexo (30 meninos), com idades entre 8 e 12 anos, de ambos os sexos, realizaram sucessivas contrações dinâmicas com um dinamômetro de bulbo até atingirem o esforço máximo percebido. Os valores da primeira, da última contração do teste de fadiga e da medida após 30 segundos da última contração (contração de recuperação) foram registrados e comparados usando o modelo de regressão linear com efeitos mistos. O teste T-Student foi usado para comparar os escores de esforço percebido e o tempo até a fadiga entre os grupos. Resultados: Os valores de preensão palmar e os escores de esforço percebido diminuíram significativamente durante o teste de fadiga. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos para todas as variáveis. Conclusão: O teste de fadiga de preensão palmar utilizando contrações dinâmicas mostrou-se eficaz na indução da fadiga motora e percebida em crianças, sem diferenças entre os sexos.

Dinamometría como predictor de morbimortalidad en pacientes geriátricos con moderado riesgo quirúrgico sometidos a cirugía cardíaca / Dynamometry as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients with moderate surgical risk undergoing cardiac surgery

Resumen: Introducción: con los cambios demográficos el término «fragilidad¼ trasciende cada vez más en el ámbito quirúrgico. La relación entre fragilidad medida por dinamometría y la morbimortalidad en cirugía cardíaca no ha sido del todo estudiada. Objetivo: establecer la utilidad de la fragilidad determinada mediante dinamometría como predictor de morbimortalidad en pacientes geriátricos con bajo riesgo quirúrgico sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo que incluyó 65 pacientes geriátricos de moderado riesgo quirúrgico sometidos a cirugía cardíaca electiva con derivación cardiopulmonar. A los pacientes se les realizó dinamometría preoperatoria para determinar fragilidad y se estimó su relación con la morbimortalidad postoperatoria. Se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y coeficientes de probabilidad positivos y negativos, coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y área bajo la curva ROC. Los datos se procesaron con SPSS v-24.0. Resultados: la evaluación del componente de calibración mostró que se ajusta a nuestra muestra (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach 0.79). La evaluación del componente de discriminación mostró que puede distinguir la población con riesgo de morbilidad (0.625) y mortalidad (0.597). Conclusión: la fragilidad determinada mediante dinamometría es útil como predictor de morbimortalidad en pacientes ancianos con bajo riesgo quirúrgico sometidos a cirugía cardíaca.

Abstract: Introduction: recent demographic changes have meant that more and more frail patients undergo surgery. The relationship between frailty, measured by dynamometry, and morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery has not been fully studied. Objective: determine the usefulness of frailty, as measured by dynamometry, as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients with low surgical risk undergoing cardiac surgery. Material and methods: a prospective cohort study including 65 geriatric patients with moderate surgical risk undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients underwent preoperative dynamometry to determine their frailty, whose relationship with postoperative morbidity and mortality was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, positive and negative probability coefficients, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and area under the ROC curve were calculated. The data were processed with SPSS v-24.0. Results: the evaluation of the calibration component showed that it fitted our sample (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.79). The evaluation of the discrimination component showed that it was able to distinguish between risk of morbidity (0.625) and risk of mortality (0.597). Conclusion: frailty, measured by dynamometry, is a useful predictor of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with low surgical risk undergoing cardiac surgery.

Correlação entre resistência de preensão manual e resistência muscular escapular em indivíduos assintomáticos / Correlation between hand grip endurance and scapular muscle endurance in asymptomatic individuals

INTRODUÇÃO: A atividade de preensão é uma ação diária essencial em casa e no local de trabalho, onde muitas vezes é necessário levantar e segurar cargas com uma preensão relativamente estática usando contração isométrica. A força e resistência muscular no aspecto proximal das extremidades superiores influenciam na função da mão, e indivíduos com força e resistência reduzidas são mais propensos a desenvolver distúrbios musculoesqueléticos relacionados ao trabalho. Uma boa resistência de preensão pode ser influenciada pela estabilização fornecida pelos músculos do ombro. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar a extensão da correlação entre resistência de preensão manual e resistência muscular da escápula em jovens assintomáticos. MÉTODO: O tamanho da amostra para este estudo foi n = 62, com base em estudos anteriores. Indivíduos saudáveis, com idade entre 18 e 25 anos, de ambos os sexos, foram incluídos. Uma avaliação objetiva da resistência da preensão foi realizada usando um dinamômetro manual hidráulico, e a resistência escapular foi avaliada usando o teste muscular escapular. RESULTADOS: A análise de dados foi realizada usando o SPSS versão 20. Houve correlações positivas significativas entre as medidas de resistência escapular e a resistência de preensão palmar para ambos os lados (teste de correlação de Pearson, r = 0,612 (p < 0,001) e r = 0,524 (p < 0,001), respectivamente, para resistência de preensão da mão não dominante e dominante). CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Os achados preliminares deste estudo sustentam que a resistência do músculo escapular exibe uma relação com a resistência da preensão palmar, sugerindo que o treinamento de resistência escapular pode ser um complemento eficaz no processo de reabilitação das funções da extremidade superior.

INTRODUCTION: Gripping activity is an essential daily activity at home and at the workplace, where lifting and holding loads with a relatively static grip using isometric contraction is often required. Muscle strength and endurance in the proximal aspect of the upper extremities influence hand function, and individuals with reduced strength and endurance are more prone to developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Good grip endurance might be influenced by the stabilization provided by shoulder muscles. This study aims to determine the correlation between hand grip endurance and scapula muscle endurance among young asymptomatic individuals. METHOD: The sample size for this study is n = 62, based on previous studies. Healthy individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 25 years, were included. An objective assessment of grip endurance was performed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer, while scapular endurance was evaluated using the scapular muscle test. RESULTS: Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. There were significant positive correlations between scapular endurance measures and the hand grip endurance on both sides (Pearson correlation test, r = 0.612 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.524 (p < 0.001), respectively, for non-dominant and dominant hand grip endurance). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The preliminary findings of this study support the notion that scapular muscle endurance is related to hand grip endurance, suggesting that scapular endurance training may be an effective adjunct in the rehabilitation process for upper extremity functions.

Atletas de Taekwondo apresentam desequilíbrio muscular entre os músculos flexores e extensores do joelho: achados preliminares / Taekwondo athletes have muscle imbalance between knee flexors and extensions: preliminary findings / Los atletas de Taekwondo presentan un desequilibrio muscular entre los flexores y los extensores de la rodilla: hallazgos preliminares

Durante a prática de taekwondo com movimentos repetitivos, sistematizados e com certa sobrecarga de treino, o indivíduo pode gerar possíveis adaptações orgânicas que resultam em problemas posturais com grandes chances de desencadear desequilíbrio muscular. Objetivo: Verificar a presença de desequilíbrio entre os grupos musculares agonistas e antagonistas da articulação do joelho e entre membros dominantes e não dominantes de praticantes de taekwondo por meio da dinamometria isocinética. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo realizado com nove praticantes de taekwondo do sexo masculino. Utilizou-se um dinamômetro isocinético para investigar o pico de torque, pico de torque por peso corporal, trabalho total, potência média, relação agonista/antagonista e índice de fadiga. Os dados dos membros dominante e não dominante foram comparados por meio do teste t-student para amostras pareadas. Foram calculados o intervalo de confiança de 95% da diferença média, o tamanho de efeito e o poder das análises. Resultados: Os músculos extensores dos membros dominante e não dominante apresentaram diferença média significante de 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) para pico de torque e de 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) para pico de torque por peso corporal a 60°/s, representando tamanho de efeito médio. Conclusão: Os atletas de taekwondo apresentaram maior pico de torque e maior pico de torque por peso corporal dos músculos extensores do joelho a 60º/s no lado dominante. A relação agonista/ antagonista foi inferior a 60% e mais da metade dos atletas apresentaram uma diferença maior que 10% no pico de torque flexor no lado não dominante.

During taekwondo practice with the repetitive motions, systematized and with certain training overload, the person can generate possible organic adaptations that result in postural problems with a great chances of triggering muscle imbalance. Objective: To verify the presence of imbalance between agonist and antagonist muscle groups of knee joint and between dominant and non-dominant limbs through isokinetic dynamometry. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study realized with nine male taekwondo practitioners. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to investigate the peak torque, peak torque by body weight, total work, average power, agonist/antagonist ratio and fatigue index. Data from the dominant and non-dominant limbs were compared by t-student test for pared samples. The 95% confidence interval of the mean difference, the effect size and the power of analyses power were calculated. Results: The extensor muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs showed mean difference of 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) for peak torque and of 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) for peak torque by body weight at 60°/s, representing average effect size. Conclusion: The taekwondo athletes had higher peak torque and higher peak torque by body weight of the knee extensors muscles in the dominant side. The agonist/ antagonist ratio was less than 60% and more than half of the athletes showed a difference greater than 10% in the peak flexor torque on the non-dominant side.

Durante la práctica de taekwondo con los movimientos repetitivos, sistematizados y con cierta sobrecarga de entrenamiento, la persona puede generar posibles adaptaciones orgánicas que deriven en problemas posturales con grandes posibilidades de desencadenar desequilibrios musculares. Objetivo: Verificar la presencia de desequilibrio entre grupos musculares agonistas y antagonistas de la articulación de la rodilla y entre miembros dominantes y no dominantes mediante dinamometría isocinética. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo realizado con nueve practicantes masculinos de taekwondo. Se utilizó un dinamómetro isocinético para investigar el par máximo, el par máximo por peso corporal, el trabajo total, la potencia media, la relación agonista/antagonista y el índice de fatiga. Los datos de las extremidades dominantes y no dominantes se compararon mediante la prueba t- student para muestras de pared. Se calcularon el intervalo de confianza del 95% de la diferencia media, el tamaño del efecto y la potencia de los análisis. Resultados: Los músculos extensores de los miembros dominantes y no dominantes mostraron una diferencia media de 15,49 Nm (IC95% 7,27; 23,70; p=0,002) para el par máximo y de 22,64% (IC95% 11,83; 33,46; p=0,001) para el par máximo por peso corporal a 60°/s, lo que representa el tamaño medio del efecto. Conclusiones: Los atletas de taekwondo presentaron un mayor par máximo y un mayor par máximo por peso corporal de los músculos extensores de la rodilla en el lado dominante. La relación agonista/antagonista fue inferior al 60% y más de la mitad de los atletas mostraron una diferencia superior al 10% en el pico de par flexor en el lado no dominante.

Effect of critical shoulder angle on deltoid muscle strength reduction in patients with rotator cuff tears / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the synergistic interaction between the deltoid muscle and the rotator cuff muscle group in patients with rotator cuff tears (RCT), as well as the impact of the critical shoulder angle (CSA) on deltoid muscle strength.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 42 RCT patients who met the selection criteria and were treated between March 2022 and March 2023. There were 13 males and 29 females, with an age range of 42-77 years (mean, 60.5 years). Preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 6.0±1.6. CSA measurements were obtained from standard anteroposterior X-ray films before operation, and patients were divided into two groups based on CSA measurements: CSA>35° group (group A) and CSA≤35° group (group B). Handheld dynamometry was used to measure the muscle strength of various muscle group in the shoulder (including the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and anterior, middle, and posterior bundles of the deltoid). The muscle strength of the unaffected side was compared to the affected side, and muscle imbalance indices were calculated. Muscle imbalance indices between male and female patients, dominant and non-dominant sides, and groups A and B were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between muscle imbalance indices and CSA as well as VAS scores.@*RESULTS@#Muscle strength in all muscle groups on the affected side was significantly lower than on the unaffected side ( P<0.05). The muscle imbalance indices for the supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, and anterior, middle, and posterior bundles of the deltoid were 14.8%±24.4%, 5.9%±9.7%, 7.2% (0, 9.1%), 17.2% (5.9%, 26.9%), 8.3%±21.3%, and 10.2% (2.8%, 15.4%), respectively. The muscle imbalance indices of the anterior bundle of the deltoid, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus were significantly lower in male patients compared to female patients ( P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in muscle imbalance indices among other muscle groups between male and female patients or between the dominant and non-dominant sides ( P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the muscle imbalance indices of infraspinatus and VAS score ( P<0.05), and a positive correlation between CSA and the muscle imbalance indices of middle bundle of deltoid ( P<0.05). There was no correlation between the muscle imbalance indices of other muscle groups and VAS score or CSA ( P>0.05). Preoperative CSA ranged from 17.6° to 39.4°, with a mean of 31.1°. There were 9 cases in group A and 33 cases in group B. The muscle imbalance indices of the anterior bundle of the deltoid was significantly lower in group A compared to group B ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in muscle imbalance indices among other muscle groups between group A and group B ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with RCT have a phenomenon of deltoid muscle strength reduction, which is more pronounced in the population with a larger CSA.

Muscle function, Lysholm score and hop performance in individuals with clinical indications for the combined reconstruction of the anterior cruciate and the anterolateral ligaments of the knee: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective To evaluate hip and knee muscular function, knee patient-reported outcome measures and hop performance in patients with a clinical indication for combined ACL+ALL reconstruction surgery compared to patients with an isolated ACL reconstruction surgery indication (preoperative phase) and to a control group. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The sample was composed of male individuals, aged between 18 and 59 years, divided into three groups (ACL, ACL+ALL and Control). Isokinetic dynamometry was performed for the flexor and extensor knee muscles and for the hip abductors and adductors. SLHT, COHT and the Lysholm score were performed. Pain, swelling, and thigh trophism were also measured. Results The study participants were 89 male individuals: 63 in the injury group and 26 in the control group. After applying the criteria for an ALL reconstruction indication, 33 patients were assigned to the ACL Group and 30 patients to the ACL+ALL Group. Regarding knee and hip muscle function, both groups presented worse results when compared to the control group, however, did not show significant differences compared to each other. Regarding the functional variables, the ACL+ALL group showed a significantly shorter distance achieved in the Crossover Hop Test than the other groups, as well as more pain during the tests. Conclusion Knee and hip muscular functions are impaired after an ACL injury and do not seem to be influenced or worsened in individuals with greater rotational instability with clinical indications for combined reconstruction of the anterior cruciate and the anterolateral ligaments of the knee.

Reliability of the isometric dynamometer in control, paraplegic, and amputee individuals / Confiabilidade do dinamômetro isométrico em indivíduos controle, paraplégicos e amputados

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimum Detectable Change (MDC), and the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of the isometric measurements of muscle strength of trunk extension and of flexion and knee extension at maximum contraction in healthy, paraplegic, and amputee individuals, by using an isometric dynamometer with a belt for stabilization. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the reliability of a portable isometric dynamometer in the trunk extension and flexion and knee extension movements of each group. Results: In all measurements, ICC ranged from 0.66 to 0.99, SEM from 0.11 to 3.73 kgf, and MDC from 0.30 to 10.3 kgf. The MCID of the movements ranged from 3.1 to 4.9 kgf in the amputee group and from 2.2 to 3.66 kgf in the paraplegic group. Conclusion: The manual dynamometer demonstrated good intra-examiner reliability, presenting moderate and excellent ICC results. Thus, this device is a reliable resource to measure muscle strength in amputees and paraplegics. Level of Evidence II, Cross-Sectional Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), o erro padrão da medida (EPM), a mínima mudança detectável (MMD) e a mínima mudança clinicamente importante (MMCI) das medidas isométricas de força muscular da extensão de tronco e da flexão e extensão de joelho em contração máxima de indivíduos saudáveis, paraplégicos e amputados, usando um dinamômetro isométrico com cinto para estabilização. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal para avaliar a confiabilidade de um dinamômetro portátil isométrico nos movimentos de extensão de tronco e de flexão e extensão de joelho de cada grupo Resultados: Em todas as medidas o CCI apresentou uma variação de 0,66 a 0,99, o EPM de 0,11 a 3,73 kgf e a MMD de 0,30 a 10,3 kgf. A MMCI dos movimentos variou de 3,1 a 4,9 kgf no grupo de amputados e de 2,2 a 3,66 kgf no grupo de paraplégicos. Conclusão: O dinamômetro manual demonstrou boa confiabilidade intraexaminador, com variação de CCI de moderada à excelente, apresentando-se como um recurso confiável para mensurar força muscular de amputados e paraplégicos. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Observacional Transversal.

Does the early phase of aging affect the morphology of biceps brachii and torque and total work of elbow flexors in healthy volunteers?

Upper and lower limbs can be affected by several diseases and changes related to current life habits, such as the sedentarism, technological advances, and even eating habits. This cross-sectional study investigated morphological adaptations of the biceps brachii muscle and the performance of the elbow flexors in healthy individuals in the early phase of aging. Thirty-two volunteers were separated according to age range (3rd, 4th, and 5th decades of life) and sex. Smaller diameters and subtypes of fibers were evaluated using muscle biopsies, and peak torque and total work were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The variables were compared considering sex and decade, using mixed-effects linear models. The smaller diameter of all fiber types did not differ significantly between age groups for either sex. The proportion of oxidative fibers was reduced in male participants in the 4th (-20%) and 5th (-6%) decades of life compared to the 3rd decade, and there was an increase in the number of oxidative fibers in women from the 4th (+14%) to the 5th decade of life. There were no significant changes in the peak torque and total work between the analyzed age groups. The early phase of aging starts with alterations in the proportion of fibers, with a decrease in oxidative fibers in men and an increase in oxidative fibers in women. Smaller diameter, torque, and total work did not change over these decades of life.

Influence of age and gender on knee and hip isometric strength of recreational physically active young and middle-aged subjects / Influencia de la edad y el sexo en la fuerza isométrica de la rodilla y la cadera de personas jóvenes y de mediana edad que practican actividades físicas recreativas / Influência da idade e do sexo na força isométrica do joelho e do quadril de indivíduos jovens e de meia idade praticantes recreacionais de atividades físicas

ABSTRACT Muscle strength is an essential part of the functional assessment of health professionals to select and analyze the effects of clinical interventions. This study aimed to determine the influence of gender and age on isometric strength of hip and knee muscle groups. A total of 127 subjects (50.4% men), aged from 20 to 49 years (stratified into three groups: 20-29 years; 30-39 years; and 40-49 years) participated in this study. A hand-held dynamometer was used to measure isometric normalized torque of the hip abductors, hip external rotators, knee extensors, and knee flexors muscles. Regressions and a two-way analysis of variance were used to identify the influence of age and gender on torque of each muscle group. Age and gender were included in the regression model for all groups. Generally, men aged 20-29 and 30-39 were stronger than age-paired women. For participants aged 40-49, torque was similar for men and women for all muscle groups. There was no difference among age groups for women. Generally, young men were stronger than older men. The association between age and gender in hip and knee strength was proved and liable of subgroup stratification after measurements with a hand-held isometric dynamometer.

RESUMEN La fuerza muscular es un componente básico de la evaluación funcional de los profesionales de la salud para seleccionar y analizar los efectos de las intervenciones clínicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia del sexo y de la edad en las mediciones de fuerza isométrica de los grupos musculares de la cadera y la rodilla. En el estudio participaron 127 sujetos (50,4% hombres), de entre 20 y 49 años de edad (estratificados en grupos: 20 a 29 años; 30 a 39 años; y 40 a 49 años). El torque isométrico normalizado de los abductores y rotadores externos de la cadera y de los extensores y flexores de la rodilla se midió con un dinamómetro manual. Se utilizaron regresiones y el análisis de varianza (Anova) para identificar la influencia de la edad y el sexo en el torque. Tanto la edad como el sexo se incluyeron en el modelo para todos los grupos musculares. En general, los hombres de entre 20 y 29 años y los de 30 a 39 mostraron tener más fuerza que las mujeres del mismo grupo de edad. Para los participantes de 40 a 49 años, el torque fue similar entre hombres y mujeres para todos los grupos musculares. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos de edad en el grupo de mujeres. En general, los hombres más jóvenes demostraron ser más fuertes que los hombres de mediana edad. La relación entre la edad y el sexo en la fuerza muscular de la cadera y la rodilla se probó y demostró ser susceptible a la estratificación después de las mediciones realizadas con el dinamómetro manual.

RESUMO A força muscular é um componente essencial da avaliação funcional de profissionais da saúde para selecionar e analisar efeitos de intervenções clínicas. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a influência do sexo e da idade sobre medidas de força isométrica de grupos musculares do quadril e do joelho. Participaram da pesquisa 127 sujeitos (50,4% homens), com idade de 20 a 49 anos (estratificados em grupos: 20 a 29 anos; 30 a 39 anos; e 40 a 49 anos). O torque isométrico normalizado de abdutores e rotadores externos de quadril e extensores e flexores de joelho foi medido com dinamômetro manual. Regressões e uma análise de variância (Anova) foram usados para identificar a influência da idade e do sexo sobre o torque. Tanto idade quanto sexo foram incluídos no modelo para todos os grupos musculares. Em geral, homens de 20 a 29 anos e de 30 a 39 anos demonstraram mais força do que mulheres da mesma faixa etária. Para participantes de 40 a 49 anos, o torque foi similar entre homens e mulheres para todos os grupos musculares. Não houve diferença entre as faixas etárias no grupo de mulheres. Em geral, homens mais jovens se mostraram mais fortes do que homens mais velhos. A relação entre idade e sexo na força muscular do quadril e do joelho foi provada e se mostrou passível de estratificação após as medições feitas com o dinamômetro manual.

A Study of Impact of Examination Stress on Musculoskeletal Strength and Fatigue using Mosso’s Ergo Graph in first year Medical Students.

Background: Stress produces physiological and mental reactions in the body. Stressful life is most common experiences in human life. Mild stress is beneficial in performance but constant high stress may lead to anxiety and depression. Examination stress act as stressor and decreases the performance of student. A stressor is a change in the personal event or an environment that can cause stress. AIM: Present study was done to evaluate the muscle strength variations and fatigue under examination stress among medical students. Material and Method: Study involved 100 healthy boys and girls between 18-21 years of age. Who have no history of tobacco or alcohol consumption. Each students muscle strength was assessed by calculating work done using hand grip dynamometer and Mosso’s ergo graph, once during routine schedule in relaxed state (with no examination) and again during stressed state (during mid- term examination). Result: The amount of work done and handgrip strength was significantly higher on relaxed state compared to during examination. Conclusion: This study suggests that as examinations act as unavoidable stressors, which lead to the variation in the performance of the students. The medical teachers as well as students should be made aware of the negative consequences of stress faced during medical training. Effective relaxation program and psychological counselling services should be provided to students so that they cope better with examination stress.

Influence of progressive upper limb strength training on table tennis athletes / Influência do treinamento progressivo de força nos membros superiores em atletas de tênis de mesa / Influencia del entrenamiento progresivo de fuerza de los miembros superiores en atletas de tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction Progressive strength training can help athletes improve their strength levels quickly and safely. By controlling the frequency and amplitude of vibrations, muscles can produce unconscious and voluntary contractions that help prevent diseases such as osteoporosis. Objective To explore the change in sports performance caused by progressive upper limb muscle strength training in table tennis players. Methods 12 table tennis players with a minimum experience of 5 years were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The control performed traditional strength training methods while the experimental group used the progressive directed strength training method developed by the research team for nine weeks. Tests were performed on ISOMED 2000 equipment at the conditions of 60°/s and 450°/s. Results Circumference, muscle strength, and relative upper limb strength increased. In addition, a difference in the rate of the maximum elbow flexion moment of the athletes in the experimental group in the 60°/s test conditions was observed. At 450°/s, the maximum flexion and extension elbow moment showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The progressive strength training method significantly affects the athletes' maximum elbow flexion moment and maximum elbow extension moment than traditional strength training methods. Muscle strength progress was noted mainly in the elbow and wrist joints, with less intensity in the shoulders. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento progressivo da força pode ajudar os atletas a melhorar seus níveis de força de maneira rápida e segura. Controlando a frequência e a amplitude das vibrações, os músculos podem produzir contrações inconscientes e voluntárias que ajudam a prevenir doenças como a osteoporose. Objetivo Explorar a alteração no desempenho esportivo ocasionado pelo treinamento progressivo da força muscular nos membros superiores dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos 12 jogadores de tênis de mesa com experiência mínima de 5 anos foram aleatoriamente divididos em grupos experimental e controle. O controle efetuou métodos tradicionais de treinamento de força enquanto o grupo experimental utilizou o método progressivo de treinamento de força dirigida, desenvolvido pela equipe de pesquisa, por nove semanas. Os testes foram realizados no equipamento ISOMED 2000 nas condições de 60°/s e 450°/s. Resultados A circunferência, força muscular e a relativa força dos membros superiores aumentaram. Houve diferença na taxa do momento de flexão máxima do cotovelo dos atletas do grupo experimental nas condições de teste de 60°/s. A 450°/s, o momento máximo de flexão do cotovelo e o momento máximo de extensão do cotovelo também mostraram uma diferença significativa (P<0,05). Conclusão O método de treinamento progressivo de força afeta significativamente o momento máximo de flexão do cotovelo e o momento máximo de extensão do cotovelo dos atletas do que os métodos tradicionais de treinamento de força. O progresso da força muscular foi notado principalmente nas articulações do cotovelo e pulso, com menor intensidade nos ombros. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento de fuerza progresivo puede ayudar a los atletas a mejorar sus niveles de fuerza de forma rápida y segura. Al controlar la frecuencia y la amplitud de las vibraciones, los músculos pueden producir contracciones inconscientes y voluntarias que ayudan a prevenir enfermedades como la osteoporosis. Objetivo Explorar el cambio en el rendimiento deportivo provocado por el entrenamiento progresivo de la fuerza muscular en las extremidades superiores de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos 12 jugadores de tenis de mesa con una experiencia mínima de 5 años fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupos experimental y de control. El grupo de control realizó métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza tradicionales, mientras que el grupo experimental utilizó el método de entrenamiento de fuerza dirigido progresivo desarrollado por el equipo de investigación durante nueve semanas. Las pruebas se realizaron en el equipo ISOMED 2000 en las condiciones de 60°/s y 450°/s. Resultados La circunferencia, la fuerza muscular y la fuerza relativa de los miembros superiores aumentaron. Hubo una diferencia en la velocidad del momento de flexión máxima del codo de los atletas del grupo experimental en las condiciones de prueba de 60°/s. A 450°/s, el momento máximo de flexión del codo y el momento máximo de extensión del codo también mostraron una diferencia significativa (P<0,05). Conclusión El método de entrenamiento de fuerza progresivo afecta significativamente al momento de flexión máxima del codo de los atletas y al momento de extensión máxima del codo que los métodos tradicionales de entrenamiento de fuerza. El progreso de la fuerza muscular se observó principalmente en las articulaciones del codo y la muñeca, con menor intensidad en los hombros. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Avaliação muscular do joelho e funcional de membros inferiores de jovens atletas de voleibol do sexo feminino / Knee muscle evaluation and lower limbs' functional evaluation of young female volleyball athletes

Os desequilíbrios musculares e funcionais são analisados na tentativa de prevenir lesões e melhorar os desempenhos de atletas. Objetivo: Analisar o desempenho muscular de extensores e flexores de joelho e o desempenho funcional dos membros inferiores de atletas de voleibol. Métodos: Quinze atletas da categoria sub-16 de voleibol feminino da Universidade de Caxias do Sul foram avaliadas. Para análise do desempenho muscular, as variáveis pico de torque de extensores e flexores de joelho, e razão convencional de extensores/flexores, foi utilizado o dinamômetro isocinético. Já para a análise funcional dos membros inferiores, foram utilizados os testes Hop tests e Y balance test (YBT). Resultados: Na comparação entre membro dominante (MD) e não dominante (MND), não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na análise do pico de torque; já na razão flexores/extensores foi encontrada diferença significativa apenas à 240°/s. Entretanto, os valores médios da razão flexores/extensores encontrarem-se abaixo dos valores sugeridos pela literatura. As avaliações funcionais também não mostraram assimetrias entre os membros; no entanto, a pontuação composta do YBT apresentou-se abaixo dos valores normativos. Conclusão: A excelente simetria entre os membros pode ser justificada pela especificidade do esporte, pois os gestos esportivos do voleibol apresentam carácter simétrico durante as exigências físicas dos membros inferiores. No entanto, os baixos valores da razão flexores/extensores e da pontuação composta do YBT talvez não estejam diretamente relacionados a um risco maior de lesões já que os valores de referência utilizados são de atletas adultos.

Muscle and functional imbalances are analyzed in order to try prevent injuries and improve athletes' performance. Objective: To analyze knee's muscular performance of the knee extensors and flexors and lower limbs' functional performance of volleyball athletes. Methods: Fifteen female volleyball, athletes under the age of 16 from the University of Caxias do Sul, were analyzed. For analysis of muscle performance, the variables peak torque of knee extensors and flexors, and conventional flexor/extensor ratio, the isokinetic dynamometer was used. For the functional analysis of the lower limbs, the Hop tests and Y balance test (YBT) were used. Results: In the comparison between dominant (MD) and non-dominant (MND) limbs, there were no statistically significant differences in the analysis of peak torque; and in the flexor/extensor ratio analyzes, just one significant difference was found at 240°/s. However, the mean values of flexor/extensor ratio are below to the values suggested by the literature. Functional assessments also did not show asymmetries between members; however, the YBT composite score was below to the normative values. Conclusion: The excellent symmetry between the members can be justified by the sport's specificity, as the volleyball's gestures have a symmetrical character during the physical demands of the lower limbs. However, the low values of the flexor/extensor ratio and the YBT composite score may not be directly related to an increased risk of injuries since the reference values used are for adult athletes.

Normative values for handgrip strength in Colombian children and adolescents from 6 to 17 years of age: estimation using quantile regression

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is twofold: i) to estimate the normative values for handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength, specific to sex and age, for Colombian children and adolescents from 6 to 17 years of age using quantile regression models and ii) to compare the normative values for handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength in Colombian children and adolescents with those in children and adolescents in different countries. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 2647 youngsters. Handgrip strength was evaluated with a TKK 5101 digital dynamometer (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The relative handgrip strength was estimated according to weight in kilograms. The normative values were estimated to handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength through quantile regression models for the percentiles P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95 developed independently for each sex. All analyses were adjusted for the expansion factor. Results: The values for handgrip strength were considerably higher in males than in females in all age ranges. Additionally, as age increased for both sexes, the values for handgrip strength increased. The percentiles by sex and age for relative handgrip strength show for males a proportional increase according to age; for females, this did not occur. Conclusions: When making comparisons with international studies, variability is observed in the methodologies used to evaluate handgrip strength and estimation methods, which could influence the discrepancies between the different reports.

Esplenectomía laparoscópica en pacientes adultos con enfermedades hematológicas en el servicio de cirugía general del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá

Introducción: La esplenectomía es una opción terapéutica para una variedad de patologías hematológicas. La cirugía laparoscópica ha tomado ventaja y, actualmente, se ha convertido en el abordaje estándar en pacientes sometidos a esplenectomía de forma electiva para patologías hematológicas. Objetivo: Evaluar las indicaciones, condiciones generales y complicaciones intraoperatorias más frecuentes en pacientes adultos con enfermedades hematológicas, sometidos a esplenectomía laparoscópica. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte longitudinal con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Se realizó revisión de expedientes clínicos de todos los pacientes con patología esplénica que fueron sometidos a esplenectomía laparoscópica con intención curative. Resultados: El estudio comprendió a 10 pacientes con una media de edad de 47 años. El tiempo de operación fue de 215 ±60 minutos; el ASA score de 3; los días de internación fueron de 14 días en promedio y la pérdida de sangre estimada en mililitros fue de 213 ±366. Siete pacientes requirieron cirugía laparoscópica, cuatro de ellos finalizaron sin complicaciones, mientras que tres requirieron conversión a cirugía convencional. Se identificó bazo accesorio en 1 paciente. Las indicaciones para la esplenectomía han sido púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática; síndromes linfoproliferativos; síndrome de Felty; anemia hemolítica autoimmune y anemia hemolítica no autoimmune. Discusión: La esplenectomía continúa siendo un procedimiento útil para numerosas patologías hematológicas. Se debe tener en cuenta la necesidad de realizar las vacunaciones y profilaxis antibiótica correspondientes, además de contar con el equipo quirúrgico entrenado en técnicas convencionales como en laparoscópicas.

Introduction: muscle strength may decrease in patients with chronic kidney failure due to various causes. Objective: to determine the anthropometric and clinical variables and muscle strength in adult patients with chronic kidney failure. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design was applied. Men and women, older than 17 years, with chronic kidney failure who attended the National Hospital (Itauguá) and Military Hospital (Asunción), Paraguay, between April and November 2021 were included. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables were determined. Muscle strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. A group of healthy young subjects was used for the comparison of muscle strength. Descriptive statistics were applied with the statistical program Epi Info 7 ™. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Results: 119 subjects entered the study, being 62 (52%) males with a mean age 56 ± 15 years and 57 (48%) females, with a mean age 51 ± 16 years. The mean creatinine clearance was 16.4 ± 17.9 mL / min. The most common etiology was the association of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (45%). The healthy group included 99 women with a mean age 25 ± 5 years and 51 men with a mean age 26 ± 5 years. When comparing strength between patients and healthy subjects, 66.4% decreased muscle strength was found among patients with chronic renal failure. Conclusion: muscle strength is decreased in 66.4% of chronic kidney failure patients. Early detection and early treatment of muscle strength deficit is recommended in this group of patients.

Fuerza muscular en pacientes adultos con insuficiencia renal crónica del Hospital Nacional y Hospital Militar en 2021

Introducción: la fuerza muscular puede disminuir en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica por diversas causas. Objetivo: determinar las variables antropométricas, clínicas y la fuerza muscular en pacientes adultos con insuficiencia renal crónica. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron varones y mujeres, mayores de 17 años, portadores de insuficiencia renal crónica que asistían al Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) y Hospital Militar (Asunción), Paraguay, entre abril y noviembre 2021. Se determinaron variables antropométricas, clínicas y laboratoriales. La fuerza muscular se midió con un dinamómetro de mano. Se utilizó un grupo de sujetos jóvenes sanos para la comparación de la fuerza muscular. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva con el programa estadístico Epi Info 7™. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Resultados: ingresaron al estudio 119 sujetos, siendo 62 (52 %) del sexo masculino con edad media 56±15 años y 57 (48 %) del sexo femenino, con edad media 51±16 años. La media de la depuración de creatinina fue 16,4±17,9 mL/min. La etiología más común fue la asociación de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus (45 %). El grupo se sujetos sanos se constituyó con 99 mujeres con edad media 25±5 años y 51 varones con edad media 26±5 años. Al comparar la fuerza entre los pacientes y los sujetos sanos se halló 66,4 % de fuerza muscular disminuida entre los portadores de insuficiencia renal crónica. Conclusión: la fuerza muscular se halla disminuida en 66,4 % de los pacientes insuficiencia renal crónica. Se recomienda la detección oportuna y el tratamiento precoz del déficit de la fuerza muscular en este grupo de pacientes.

Introduction: muscle strength may decrease in patients with chronic kidney failure due to various causes. Objective: to determine the anthropometric and clinical variables and muscle strength in adult patients with chronic kidney failure. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design was applied. Men and women, older than 17 years, with chronic kidney failure who attended the National Hospital (Itauguá) and Military Hospital (Asunción), Paraguay, between April and November 2021 were included. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables were determined. Muscle strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. A group of healthy young subjects was used for the comparison of muscle strength. Descriptive statistics were applied with the statistical program Epi Info 7 ™. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Results: 119 subjects entered the study, being 62 (52%) males with a mean age 56 ± 15 years and 57 (48%) females, with a mean age 51 ± 16 years. The mean creatinine clearance was 16.4 ± 17.9 mL / min. The most common etiology was the association of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (45%). The healthy group included 99 women with a mean age 25 ± 5 years and 51 men with a mean age 26 ± 5 years. When comparing strength between patients and healthy subjects, 66.4% decreased muscle strength was found among patients with chronic renal failure. Conclusion: muscle strength is decreased in 66.4% of chronic kidney failure patients. Early detection and early treatment of muscle strength deficit is recommended in this group of patients.

Trend of handgrip strength in male and female medical students from North India

Background: Handgrip strength is the maximum force produced during a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) handgrip strength (HGS). The handgrip dynamometer is used to work out upper-body muscles, particularly those in the forearm and hand. HGS is frequently used as an objective measure of upper extremity functional integrity. HGS is a physiological characteristic influenced by a variety of parameters such as gender, age, and body size. Aims and Objectives: The objective of th study was to assess and compare HGS in healthy first-phase male and female medical subjects. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional research, 250 healthy 1st-year medical students between the ages of 17 and 20 participated. Maximum HGS was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. The grip strength of the dominant hand was assessed 3 times at minute intervals, as suggested by the American Society of Hand Therapists, with the higher value (in kg) reflecting the maximal HGS for each. Results: In comparison to female subjects (Mean: 31.87 kg), HGS in male subjects (Mean: 41.85 Kg) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in height, weight, and body mass index between men and women, despite the fact that there was no statistically significant difference in mean age. Conclusion: Male individuals had stronger grips than female ones. The purpose of this study is to provide a baseline of normative data (control values) among a sample cohort of GMC Jammu medical students. This study, however, was confined to medical students between the ages of 17 and 20. We believe that diverse age groups should be studied.

Osteotomy at the base of femoral neck and osteoplasty for the treament of scfe / Osteotomia na base do colo femoral e osteoplastia para o tratamento da epifisiolistese

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes between patients with moderate and severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) treated with osteotomy at the base of neck and osteoplasty and with healthy individuals. Methods: Comparative cohort with 12 patients (14 hips) with moderate and severe SCFE who underwent osteotomy at the base of neck and osteoplasty between 2007 and 2014. The mean age at surgery was 13.3 ± 2.5 years and the mean follow-up was 3.8 ± 2.2 years. We assessed the level of hip pain by the visual analog scale (VAS) and anterior impingement test (AIT); the level of function using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), the range of motion (ROM) by goniometry and Drehmann sign, and the hip muscular strength by isokinetic and Trendelenburg sign. Results: The level of pain was slightly higher in the SCFE cohort compared with healthy hips (VAS, 0.8 ± 1.4 vs 0 ± 0, 0.007; AIT, 14% vs 0%, p = 0.06; respectively). No differences were observed between the SCFE and control cohort for the functional scores (HHS, 94 ± 7 vs 100 ± 1, p = 0.135); except for ROM, with increased internal rotation (37.3º ± 9.4º vs 28.7º ± 8.2º, p < 0.001), and strength, with decreased abduction torque (75.5 ± 36.9 Nm/Kg vs 88.5 ± 27.6 Nm/Kg, p = 0.045) in the SCFE cohort. Conclusion: The osteotomy at the base of neck and the osteoplasty restored the hip motion and muscle strength, except for the abductor strength, to near normal levels, representing a viable option for the treatment of moderate and severe SCFE. Level of Evidence III, Ambidirectional Cohort Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar resultados clínicos de pacientes com escorregamento epifisário proximal do fêmur (EEPF) moderado e grave tratados com osteotomia basocervical e cervicoplastia com indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Coorte comparativa com 12 voluntários saudáveis e 12 pacientes (14 quadris) com EEPF moderado e grave submetidos à osteotomia basocervical e cervicoplastia entre 2007 e 2014. A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 13,3 ± 2,5 anos e o seguimento médio de 3,8 ± 2,2 anos. Avaliou-se nível de dor no quadril utilizando a escala visual analógica (EVA) e o teste de impacto anterior (TIA); nível de função usando o Harris Hip Score (HHS) e o 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12); amplitude de movimento (ADM) com goniometria e sinal de Drehmann; e força muscular do quadril com dinamômetro isocinético e sinal de Trendelenburg. Resultados: O nível de dor foi ligeiramente maior na coorte de EEPF comparado a quadris saudáveis (EVA, 0,8 ± 1,4 vs 0 ± 0, 0,007; TIA, 14% vs 0%, p = 0,06; respectivamente). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos EEPF e controle para os escores funcionais (HHS, 94 ± 7 vs 100 ± 1, p = 0,135), exceto para ADM, com aumento da rotação interna (37,3º ± 9,4º vs 28,7º ± 8,2º, p < 0,001), e força, com diminuição do torque de abdução (75,5 ± 36,9 Nm/Kg vs 88,5 ± 27,6 Nm/Kg, p = 0,045), para o grupo EEPF. Conclusão: A osteotomia basocervical e a cervicoplastia restauraram o movimento do quadril e a força muscular, com exceção da força abdutora, a níveis próximos do normal, representando uma opção viável para o tratamento de EEPF moderado e grave. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de Coorte Ambidirecional.

Efecto de la práctica mental kinestésica en la fuerza y actividad mioeléctrica del bíceps braquial, luego de un periodo de inmovilización de codo en adultos-jóvenes sanos / Effects of kinesthetic mental practice in strength and myoelectric activity of the brachialis biceps due to an elbow immobilization period in healthy young adults

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la práctica mental kinestésica (PMK) en la fuerza y actividad eléctrica muscular (AEM) del bíceps braquial, luego de un periodo de inmovilización del codo en un grupo de personas adultos jóvenes sanos. Un total de 14 personas (18,64 ± 0,92 años de edad) participaron voluntariamente del estudio, a las cuales se les evaluó la fuerza muscular de prensión y la AEM del bíceps braquial utilizando un dinamómetro de mano y un equipo de electromiografía, respectivamente, antes y después de un periodo de inmovilización del brazo no dominante, y se asignaron aleatoriamente a uno de dos grupos: grupo control (GC) o experimental (GE). El GE realizó PMK: tres series de 15 repeticiones con un minuto de descanso entre series, tres veces al día durante los seis días de inmovilización, mientras que el GC no realizó PKM durante su inmovilización. Al aplicar una prueba de ANOVA de dos vías, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la fuerza ni en la AEM. Sin embargo, la fuerza del GC disminuyó en 23,75%, mientras que la del GE aumentó en 33,19%. Los resultados sugieren que un periodo de inmovilización del codo de seis días no fue suficiente para que la fuerza ni la AEM disminuyan significativamente, lo que supone que la PMK realizada no es necesaria en periodos menores a seis días.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kinesthetic mental practice (KMP) on the strength and muscular electrical activity (MEA) of the brachial biceps, after a period of immobilization of the elbow in a group of healthy young adults. A total of 14 volunteer participants (18.64 ± 0.92 years of age) were part in the study. The muscle strength and the AEM of the brachial biceps were assessed using a hand dynamometer and an electromyography equipment, respectively, before and after a period of immobilization of the non-dominant arm. After the pretest, they were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group (GC) or experimental group (GE). The GE performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions with one-minute rest between sets, three times a day of PMK during the 6 days of immobilization, while the GC did not perform PKM during its immobilization. A 2-way ANOVA test (group x measurement) indicated non-significant differences in strength or AEM. However, the strength of the GC decreased by 23.75%, while increased by 33.19% in the GE. The results suggest that a period of immobilization of the elbow of 6 days was not enough for the strength or the AEM to decrease significantly, which means that the PMK is not necessary in periods of immobilization of less than 6 days.

An Innovative Design of Massage Assembly / 中国医疗器械杂志

When the conventional massage assembly is running, the massage intensity is not monitored, the massage effect is not ideal, and there are hidden dangers. In this paper, a new type of massage assembly is designed, which can measure and control the intensity of massage in real time. The result of the prototype test shows that the design achieves the desired effect. The newly designed massage assembly has a high degree of intelligence, and has obvious breakthrough in the aspects of safety, comfort, massage curative effect and service life.

Composición corporal, parámetros bioeléctricos y fuerza de prensión manual en escaladores chilenos federados y recreativos / Body composition, bioelectrical parameters, and handgrip strength in federated and recreational Chilean climbers

RESUMEN: El objetivo del siguiente estudio fue determinar y comparar los valores de composición corporal, parámetros bioeléctricos y fuerza de prensión manual de escaladores chilenos federados y recreativos. Participaron voluntariamente 13 escaladores chilenos, de los cuales 4 eran federados (25,75 ± 2,87 años) y 9 recreativos (22,33 ± 1,41 años). La composición corporal se evaluó por medio de un impedanciómetro bioeléctrico octopolar multifrecuencia, mientras que la fuerza de prensión manual se determinó con un dinamómetro manual. Si bien no hubo diferencias en las variables de composición corporal entre ambos grupos, el ángulo de fase del tronco fue superior en los federados en comparación a los recreativos (p = 0,011 [95 % IC = 1,10; 5,20]). Respecto a la fuerza de prensión manual, la fuerza relativa fue superior para los federados (p = 0,025 [95 % IC = 0,10; 0,22]), mientras que la diferencia de la fuerza entre la mano dominante y no dominante fue mayor para los recreativos (p = 0,012 [95 % IC = 1,60; 10,05]). Este es uno de los primeros estudios que explora las diferencias entre escaladores chilenos federados y recreativos. Los resultados sugieren una diferenciación a nivel de ángulo de fase y fuerza de prensión manual, lo cual debería corroborarse con futuros estudios.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to determine and compare the body composition, bioelectric parameters, and handgrip strength in federated and recreational Chilean climbers. Thirteen Chilean climbers voluntarily participated, being 4 federated (25.75 ± 2.87 years) and 9 recreational (22.33 ± 1.41 years). Body composition was measured using a multifrequency octopolar bioelectrical impedance meter, while handgrip strength was determined with a dynamometer. Although there were no statistical differences in the body composition variables between groups, the trunk phase angle was statistically higher in the federated compared to the recreational climbers (p = 0,011 [95 % CI = 1,10; 5,20]). Regarding handgrip strength, the relative strength was higher for federated (p = 0,025 [95 % CI = 0,10; 0,22]), while the difference in strength between dominant and non-dominant hand was higher for recreational climbers (p = 0,012 [95 % CI = 1,60; 10,05]). This study is one of the first that explore the differences between federated and recreational Chilean climbers. These results suggest a differentiation at the level of phase angle and handgrip strength, which should be corroborated in future studies.